AGE-STANDARDIZED INCIDENCE RATES FOR LEUKEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES IN 68 COUNTRIES, AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY
Main Article Content
Keywords
Age-standardized rate, Consanguinity, Ecologic study, Leukemia, Mortality
Abstract
Consanguineous marriage which defines as a union between biologically related persons has a variety of known deleterious correlations with factors that affect public health within human populations. To investigate the association between mean of inbreeding coefficient (a) and incidence of leukemia, the present ecological study on 67 countries was carried out. Statistical analysis showed that the age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia positively correlated with log10GNI per capita (r=0.693, df=65, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with log10a (r=-0.599, df=65, P<0.001). After controlling for log10GNI per capita, significant negative correlation between log10a and the age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia was observed (r=-0.386, df=64, P<0.001). The countries were stratified according to their GNI per capita, low and high income countries with GNI per capita less than and more than 10,000$, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that in high income countries, after controlling for log10GNI per capita, correlation between the age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia and log10a was still significant (r=-0.600, df=36, P<0.001). It should be noted that there was no significant association between the age-standardized mortality rate due to leukemia and log10a (P>0.05). The present finding indicating that the age-standardized for incidence rate of leukemia is lower in countries with high prevalence of consanguineous marriages.
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References
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25. Saadat M, Ansari-Lari M, Farhud DD. Consanguineous marriage in Iran. Ann Hum Biol 2004;31:263-9.
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27. Siraj AK, Khalak HG, Sultana M, Al-Rasheed M, Bavi P, Al-Sanea N, Al-Dayel F, Uddin S, Alkuraya FS, Al-Kuraya KS. Colorectal cancer risk is not associated with increased levels of homozygosity in Saudi Arabia. Genet Med 2012; doi: 10.1038/gim.2012.27
28. Feldman JG, Lee SL, Seligman B. Occurrence of acute leukemia in females in a genetically isolated population. Cancer 1976;38:2548-50.
29. Bener A, El Ayoubi HR, Chouchane L, Ali AI, Al-Kubaisi A, Al-Sulaiti H, Teebi AS. Impact of consanguinity on cancer in a highly endogamous population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009;10:35-40.
30. Bener A, Ayoubi HR, Ali AI, Al-Kubaisi A, Al-Sulaiti H. Does consanguinity lead to decreased incidence of breast cancer? Cancer Epidemiol 2010;34:413-8.
31. Elalaoui SC, Jaouad IC, Laarabi FZ, Elgueddari Bel K. Low level of consanguinity in moroccan families at high risk of breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14: 723-6.
32. El-Kheshen G, Saadat M. Prevalence of consanguineous marriages among Shi'a populations of Lebanon. J Biosoc Sci 2013;45:675-82.
33. Saadat M, Tajbakhsh K. Prevalence of consanguineous marriages in west and south of Afghanistan. J Biosoc Sci 2013;45:799-805.
2. Akrami SM, Osati Z. Is consanguineous marriage religiously encouraged? Islamic and Iranian considerations. J Biosoc Sci 2007;39:313-6.
3. Saadat M. Consanguineous marriages in Iranian folktales. Community Genet 2007;10: 38-40.
4. Saadat M. Is consanguineous marriage historically encouraged? J Biosoc Sci 2008;40: 153-4.
5. Bittles AH, Grant JC, Shami SA. An evaluation of consanguinity a determinant of reproductive behavior and mortality in Pakistan. Int J Epidemiol 1993;22:463-7.
6. Saadat M, Zendeh-Boodi Z. Correlation between incidences of self-inflicted burns and means of inbreeding coefficients, an ecologic study. Ann Epidemiol 2006;16:708-11.
7. Saadat M. Consanguinity and national IQ scores. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008;62:566-7.
8. Morton NE. Effect of inbreeding on IQ and mental retardation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1978;75:3906-8.
9. Nafissi S, Ansari-Lari M, Saadat M. Effect of inbreeding on weight gain of offspring from birth to 12 months after birth: a study from Iran. J Biosoc Sci 2010;42:195-200.
10. Saadat M, Vakili-Ghartavol R. Parental consanguinity and susceptibility to drug abuse among offspring, a case-control study. Psychiatry Res 2010;180:57-9.
11. Anvar Z, Namavar-Jahromi B, Saadat M. Association between consanguineous marriages and risk of pre-eclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011;283 Suppl 1:5-7.
12. Nafissi S, Ansari-Lari M, Saadat M. Parental consanguineous marriages and age at onset of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2011;126:298-9.
13. Saadat M. Association between healthy life expectancy at birth and consanguineous marriages in 63 countries. J Biosoc Sci 2011;43:475-80.
14. Saadat M. Influence of parental consanguineous marriages on age at onset of bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2012;198:327-8.
15. Saadat M, Saadat I. Correlation between consanguineous marriages and age-standardized mortality rate due to breast cancer, an ecologic study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010;121:795-7.
16. Saadat M, Khalili M, Omidvari S, Ansari-Lari M. Parental consanguineous marriages and clinical response to chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer patients. Cancer Lett 2011;302:109-12.
17. Rajaei M, Saadat M. Association between inbreeding coefficient and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, a case-control study. Germs 2013;3:122-5.
18. Enciso-Mora V, Hosking FJ, Sheridan E, Kinsey SE, Lightfoot T, Roman E, Irving JA, Tomlinson IP, Allan JM, Taylor M, Greaves M, Houlston RS. Common genetic variation contributes significantly to the risk of childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2012;26:2212-5.
19. Lan Q, Au WY, Chanock S, Tse J, Wong KF, Shen M, Siu LP, Yuenger J, Yeager M, Hosgood HD 3rd, Purdue MP, Liang R, Rothman N. Genetic susceptibility for chronic lymphocytic leukemia among Chinese in Hong Kong. Eur J Haematol 2010; 85:492-5.
20. Crowther-Swanepoel D, Qureshi M, Dyer MJ, Matutes E, Dearden C, Catovsky D, Houlston RS. Genetic variation in CXCR4 and risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2009;114:4843-6.
21. Ng D, Toure O, Wei MH, Arthur DC, Abbasi F, Fontaine L, Marti GE, Fraumeni JF Jr, Goldin LR, Caporaso N, Toro JR. Identification of a novel chromosome region, 13q21.33-q22.2, for susceptibility genes in familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2007;109:916-25.
22. Ng D, Marti GE, Fontaine L, Toro JR, Caporaso N, Goldin LR. High-density mapping and follow-up studies on chromosomal regions 1, 3, 6, 12, 13 and 17 in 28 families with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2006;133:59-61.
23. Sellick GS, Webb EL, Allinson R, Matutes E, Dyer MJ, Jonsson V, Langerak AW, Mauro FR, Fuller S, Wiley J, Lyttelton M, Callea V, Yuille M, Catovsky D, Houlston RS. A high-density SNP genomewide linkage scan for chronic lymphocytic leukemia-susceptibility loci. Am J Hum Genet 2005;77:420-9.
24. Goldin LR, Ishibe N, Sgambati M, Marti GE, Fontaine L, Lee MP, Kelley JM, Scherpbier T, Buetow KH, Caporaso NE. A genome scan of 18 families with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2003;121:866-73.
25. Saadat M, Ansari-Lari M, Farhud DD. Consanguineous marriage in Iran. Ann Hum Biol 2004;31:263-9.
26. Bener A, Moore MA, Ali R, El Ayoubi HR. Impacts of family history and lifestyle habits on colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study in Qatar. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010;11:963-8.
27. Siraj AK, Khalak HG, Sultana M, Al-Rasheed M, Bavi P, Al-Sanea N, Al-Dayel F, Uddin S, Alkuraya FS, Al-Kuraya KS. Colorectal cancer risk is not associated with increased levels of homozygosity in Saudi Arabia. Genet Med 2012; doi: 10.1038/gim.2012.27
28. Feldman JG, Lee SL, Seligman B. Occurrence of acute leukemia in females in a genetically isolated population. Cancer 1976;38:2548-50.
29. Bener A, El Ayoubi HR, Chouchane L, Ali AI, Al-Kubaisi A, Al-Sulaiti H, Teebi AS. Impact of consanguinity on cancer in a highly endogamous population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009;10:35-40.
30. Bener A, Ayoubi HR, Ali AI, Al-Kubaisi A, Al-Sulaiti H. Does consanguinity lead to decreased incidence of breast cancer? Cancer Epidemiol 2010;34:413-8.
31. Elalaoui SC, Jaouad IC, Laarabi FZ, Elgueddari Bel K. Low level of consanguinity in moroccan families at high risk of breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14: 723-6.
32. El-Kheshen G, Saadat M. Prevalence of consanguineous marriages among Shi'a populations of Lebanon. J Biosoc Sci 2013;45:675-82.
33. Saadat M, Tajbakhsh K. Prevalence of consanguineous marriages in west and south of Afghanistan. J Biosoc Sci 2013;45:799-805.