Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Isavuconazole Therapeutic Drug Monitoring during Intestinal Graft versus Host Disease

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Giacomo Andreani
Gianluca Fadda
Dario Gned
Matteo Dragani
Giovanni Cavallo
Valentina Monticone
Alessandro Morotti
Marco De Gobbi
Angelo Guerrasio
Antonio D'Avolio
Daniela Cilloni

Keywords

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis, Isavuconazole, Liposomal amphotericin B, Therapeutic drug monitoring, Deferasirox

Abstract

 


A  diagnosis of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis was made in a 59-year-old man with a secondary acute myeloid leukemia a few days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.


Prompt treatment with combined antifungal therapy (liposomal amphotericin B and isavuconazole) followed by a procedure of endoscopic sinus surgery resulted in the resolution of the infection. Therapeutic drug monitoring of isavuconazole was performed during the year of treatment showing an increment of plasma concentrations in correspondence with the improvement of intestinal GvHD, thus suggesting that in this or similar conditions TDM for isavuconazole can be of value.


A literature review of cases of rhino-orbital-cerebral and rhino-cerebral mucormycosis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients was performed.

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