NURSES’ PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS DURING THE FIRST COVID-19 LOCKDOWN IN ITALY A nationwide cross-sectional study in stem cell transplantation setting.
Main Article Content
Keywords
COVID-19, Stem Cell Transplantationn, Nurses, Pandemic, Burnout, Sleep Disorders
Abstract
Background and objective: Northern Italy was one of the first European territories to deal with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Drastic emergency restrictions were introduced across the country to contain the spread and limit pressure on healthcare facilities. Nurses were at high risk of developing physical, mental and working issues due to professional exposure. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate these issues among nurses working in Italian hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Data were collected online immediately after the first "lockdown" period in order to investigate the prevalence of physical issues, sleep disorders and burnout symptoms and explore correlations with COVID-19 territorial incidence in Northern Italian regions versus Central and Southern Italian regions.
Results: Three hundred and eight nurses working in 61 Italian HSCT Units responded to the survey. Depression, cough and fever were more frequently reported by nurses working in geographical areas less affected by the pandemic (p=0.0013, p<0.0001 and p=0.0005 respectively) as well as worst sleep quality (p=0.008). Moderate levels of emotional exhaustion (mean±SD - 17.4±13.0), depersonalization (5.3±6.1) and personal accomplishment (33.2±10.7) were reported without significant differences between territories.
Conclusions: different COVID-19 incidence among territories did not influenced nurses’ burden of symptoms in HSCT setting. However, burnout and insomnia levels should be considered by health care facilities in order to improve preventive strategies.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Abstract 958
PDF Downloads 547
HTML Downloads 154
References
1. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. Situation report – 51. March 11, 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/situation-report---51 . Accessed January 17, 2021.
2. European Commission. Joint European Roadmap towards lifting COVID-19 containment measures. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/communication_-_a_european_roadmap_to_lifting_coronavirus_containment_measures_0.pdf . Accessed January 17, 2021.
3. Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Report sulle caratteristiche dei pazienti deceduti positivi a COVID-19 in Italia del 20 Marzo 2020. Available at: https://www.iss.it/documents/20126/0/Report+per+COVID_20_3_2019.pdf/f4d20257-53d5-eb89-087e-285e2cadf44f?t=1584724121898 . Accessed January 20, 2021.
4. Huang X, Wei F, Hu L, Wen L, Chen K. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19. Arch Iran Med. 2020 Apr 1;23(4):268-271. doi: 10.34172/aim.2020.09.
5. Zhou G, Chen S. & Chen Z. Advances in COVID-19: the virus, the pathogenesis, and evidence-based control and therapeutic strategies. Front. Med. 14, 117–125 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0773-x
6. Wang D, Hu B, HU C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-1069. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585
7. Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y. Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. New England Journal of Medicine doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
8. Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Impatto dell’epidemia covid-19 sulla mortalità totale della popolazione residente periodo gennaio-novembre 2020. December 30, 2020. Available at: https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/252168 . Accessed January 20, 2021.
9. Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri. Decreto del Presidente del Consiglio Dei Ministri, 8 Marzo 2020. Ulteriori disposizioni attuative del decreto-legge 23 febbraio 2020, n. 6, recante misure urgenti in materia di contenimento e gestione dell'emergenza epidemiologica da COVID-19. (20A01522) Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana. Anno 161° - Numero 59 del 08-03-2020. Available at: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2020/03/08/20A01522/sg . Accessed January 20, 2021
10. Riaz M, Abid M, Bano Z. Psychological problems in general population during covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan: role of cognitive emotion regulation. Ann Med. 2021 Dec;53(1):189-196. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1853216.
11. Ren SY, Wang WB, Hao YG, Zhang HR, Wang ZC, Chen YL, Gao RD. Stability and infectivity of coronaviruses in inanimate environments. World J Clin Cases. 2020 Apr 26;8(8):1391-1399. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i8.1391.
12. Tyson RC, Hamilton SD, Lo AS, Baumgaertner BO, Krone SM. The timing and nature of behavioural responses affect the course of an epidemic. Bull Math Biol. 2020 Jan 14;82(1):14. doi: 10.1007/s11538-019-00684-z.
13. Abdulkareem SA, Augustijn EW, Filatova T, Musial K, Mustafa YT. Risk perception and behavioral change during epidemics: Comparing models of individual and collective learning. PLoS One. 2020 Jan 6;15(1):e0226483. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226483.
14. Fiorillo A, Sampogna G, Giallonardo V, Del Vecchio V, Luciano M, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell'Osso B, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sani G, Tortorella A, Volpe U. Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network. Eur Psychiatry. 2020 Sep 28;63(1):e87. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.89.
15. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Wu J, Du H, Chen T, Li R, Tan H, Kang L, Yao L, Huang M, Wang H, Wang G, Liu Z, Hu S. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Mar 2;3(3):e203976. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.
16. Cai H, Tu B, Ma J, Chen L, Fu L, Jiang Y, Zhuang Q. Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in hunan between january and march 2020 during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) in Hubei, China. Med Sci Monit. 2020 Apr 15;26:e924171. doi: 10.12659/MSM.924171.
17. Trumello C, Bramanti SM, Ballarotto G, Candelori C, Cerniglia L, Cimino S, Crudele M, Lombardi L, Pignataro S, Viceconti ML, Babore A. Psychological adjustment of healthcare workers in italy during the covid-19 pandemic: differences in stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, secondary trauma, and compassion satisfaction between frontline and non-frontline professionals. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 12;17(22):8358. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17228358.
18. Wang Y, Kala MP, Jafar TH. Factors associated with psychological distress during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the predominantly general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020 Dec 28;15(12):e0244630. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244630.
19. Wu Y, Wang J, Luo C, Hu S, Lin X, Anderson AE, Bruera E, Yang X, Wei S, Qian Y. A Comparison of burnout frequency among oncology physicians and nurses working on the frontline and usual wards during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020 Jul;60(1):e60-e65. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.008.
20. Jakovljevic M. COVID-19 crisis as a collective hero's journey to better public and global mental health. Psychiatr Danub. 2020 Spring;32(1):3-5. doi: 10.24869/psyd.2020.3.
21. Lee SA, Jobe MC, Mathis AA, Gibbons JA. Incremental validity of coronaphobia: Coronavirus anxiety explains depression, generalized anxiety, and death anxiety. J Anxiety Disord. 2020 Aug;74:102268. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102268. Epub 2020 Jul 1.
22. Raj R, Koyalada S, Kumar A, Kumari S, Pani P, Nishant, Singh KK. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in India: An observational study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Dec 31;9(12):5921-5926. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1217_20.
23. He Q, Fan B, Xie B, Liao Y, Han X, Chen Y, Li L, Iacobucci M, Lee Y, Lui LMW, Lu L, Guo C, McIntyre RS. Mental health conditions among the general population, healthcare workers and quarantined population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Psychol Health Med. 2020 Dec 30:1-13. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1867320.
24. Wanigasooriya K, Palimar P, Naumann DN, Ismail K, Fellows JL, Logan P, Thompson CV, Bermingham H, Beggs AD, Ismail T. Mental health symptoms in a cohort of hospital healthcare workers following the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. BJPsych Open. 2020 Dec 29;7(1):e24. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.150.
25. Gupta B, Sharma V, Kumar N, Mahajan A. Anxiety and sleep disturbances among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in india: cross-sectional online survey. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020 Dec 22;6(4):e24206. doi: 10.2196/24206.
26. Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Aug; 88:901-907. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026.
27. Al Maqbali M, Al Sinani M, Al-Lenjawi B. Prevalence of stress, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2021 Feb;141:110343. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110343.
28. Passamonti F, Cattaneo C, Arcaini L, Bruna R, Cavo M, Merli F, Angelucci E, Krampera M, Cairoli R, Della Porta MG, Fracchiolla N, Ladetto M, Gambacorti Passerini C, Salvini M, Marchetti M, Lemoli R, Molteni A, Busca A, Cuneo A, Romano A, Giuliani N, Galimberti S, Corso A, Morotti A, Falini B, Billio A, Gherlinzoni F, Visani G, Tisi MC, Tafuri A, Tosi P, Lanza F, Massaia M, Turrini M, Ferrara F, Gurrieri C, Vallisa D, Martelli M, Derenzini E, Guarini A, Conconi A, Cuccaro A, Cudillo L, Russo D, Ciambelli F, Scattolin AM, Luppi M, Selleri C, Ortu La Barbera E, Ferrandina C, Di Renzo N, Olivieri A, Bocchia M, Gentile M, Marchesi F, Musto P, Federici AB, Candoni A, Venditti A, Fava C, Pinto A, Galieni P, Rigacci L, Armiento D, Pane F, Oberti M, Zappasodi P, Visco C, Franchi M, Grossi PA, Bertù L, Corrao G, Pagano L, Corradini P; ITA-HEMA-COV Investigators. Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study. Lancet Haematol. 2020 Oct;7(10):e737-e745. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30251-9.
29. Paterson C, Gobel B, Gosselin T, Haylock PJ, Papadopoulou C, Slusser K, Rodriguez A, Pituskin E. Oncology nursing during a pandemic: critical reflections in the context of COVID-19. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2020 Jun;36(3):151028. doi: 10.1016/j.soncn.2020.151028.
30. Sasangohar F, Moats J, Mehta R, Peres SC. Disaster Ergonomics: Human Factors in COVID-19 pandemic emergency management. Hum Factors. 2020 Nov;62(7):1061-1068. doi: 10.1177/0018720820939428.
31. World Health Organization. Burn-Out an “Occupational Phenomenon:” International Classification of Diseases. Available at: https://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/burn-out/en/ . Accessed January 26, 2021
32. Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Organiz Behav. (1981) 2:99–113. doi: 10.1002/job.4030020205
33. Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, Wang Y, Hu J, Lai J, Ma X, Chen J, Guan L, Wang G, Ma H, Liu Z. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Mar;7(3):e14. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X.
34. Xiang YT, Jin Y, Cheung T. Joint international collaboration to combat mental health challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 Pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Oct 1;77(10):989-990. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1057.
35. Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, Lang Q, Pang H, Liao C, Wang N, Tao P, Huang H. Anxiety of Nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 epidemic and its correlation with work stress and self-efficacy. J Clin Nurs. 2021 Feb;30(3-4):397-405. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15549.
36. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
37. Curcio G, Tempesta D, Scarlata S, Marzano C, Moroni F, Rossini PM, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. Validity of the Italian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Neurol Sci. 2013 Apr;34(4):511-9. doi: 10.1007/s10072-012-1085-y.
38. Sirigatti S, Stefanile C. MBI Maslach Burnout Inventory: adattamento e taratura per l’Italia. In: MBI Maslach Burnout Inventory Manuale. Florence, Italy: OS Organizzazioni Speciali, 1993:33e42.
39. Shanafelt TD, Boone S, Tan L, Dyrbye LN, Sotile W, Satele D, West CP, Sloan J, Oreskovich MR. Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance among US physicians relative to the general US population. Arch Intern Med. 2012 Oct 8;172(18):1377-85. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3199.
40. Reddy SK, Yennu S, Tanco K, Anderson AE, Guzman D, Ali Naqvi SM, Sadaf H, Williams J, Liu DD, Bruera E. Frequency of burnout among palliative care physicians participating in a continuing medical education course. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020 Jul;60(1):80-86.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.02.013.
41. Sirigatti S, Stefanile C. Aspetti e problemi dell’adattamento italiano del MBI. Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata, 1992. 202-203, 3-12.
42. Adibe B, Perticone K, Hebert C. Creating Wellness in a pandemic: a Practical Framework for health systems responding to Covid-19. NEJM Catal 2020. https://doi.org/10.1056/CAT.20.0218.
43. Botti S, Serra N, Castagnetti F, Chiaretti S, Mordini N, Gargiulo G, Orlando L. Hematology patient protection during the covid-19 pandemic in italy: a nationwide nursing survey. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2021 Jan 1;13(1):e2021011. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2021.011.
44. Barello S, Palamenghi L, Graffigna G. Stressors and resources for healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: lesson learned from Italy. Front Psychol. 2020 Oct 8;11:2179. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02179.
45. Launer J. Burnout in the age of COVID-19. Postgrad Med J. 2020 Jun;96(1136):367-368. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137980.
46. Alharbi J, Jackson D, Usher K. The potential for COVID-19 to contribute to compassion fatigue in critical care nurses. J Clin Nurs. 2020 Aug;29(15-16):2762-2764. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15314.
47. Varani S, Ostan R, Franchini L, Ercolani G, Pannuti R, Biasco G, Bruera E. Caring advanced cancer patients at home during COVID-19 outbreak: burnout and psychological morbidity among palliative care professionals in italy. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2021 Feb;61(2):e4-e12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.11.026.
48. Vagliano L, Ricceri F, Dimonte V, Scarrone S, Fiorillo L, Buono S, Del Giudice E, Conti F, Orlando L, Mammoliti S, Alberani F. Il burnout e il rischio di burnout nelle equipe di trapianto di midollo osseo: uno studio multicentrico italiano [Burnout and risk of burnout in the teams of bone marrow transplant: a multicentre Italian survey]. Assist Inferm Ric. 2016 Jan-Mar;35(1):6-15. Italian. doi: 10.1702/2228.24010. PMID: 27183420.
49. Bressi C, Manenti S, Porcellana M, Cevales D, Farina L, Felicioni I, Meloni G, Milone G, Miccolis IR, Pavanetto M, Pescador L, Poddigue M, Scotti L, Zambon A, Corrao G, Lambertenghi-Deliliers G, Invernizzi G. Haemato-oncology and burnout: an Italian survey. Br J Cancer. 2008 Mar 25;98(6):1046-52. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604270. Epub 2008 Feb 19. PMID: 18283310; PMCID: PMC2275477.
50. Barello S, Palamenghi L, Graffigna G. Burnout and somatic symptoms among frontline healthcare professionals at the peak of the Italian COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Aug;290:113129. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113129.
51. Naldi A, Vallelonga F, Di Liberto A, Cavallo R, Agnesone M, Gonella M, Sauta MD, Lochner P, Tondo G, Bragazzi NL, Botto R, Leombruni P. COVID-19 pandemic-related anxiety, distress and burnout: prevalence and associated factors in healthcare workers of North-West Italy. BJPsych Open. 2021 Jan 7;7(1):e27. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.161.
52. Dimitriu MCT, Pantea-Stoian A, Smaranda AC, Nica AA, Carap AC, Constantin VD, Davitoiu AM, Cirstoveanu C, Bacalbasa N, Bratu OG, Jacota-Alexe F, Badiu CD, Smarandache CG, Socea B. Burnout syndrome in Romanian medical residents in time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Med Hypotheses. 2020 Nov;144:109972. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109972.
53. Sharifi M, Asadi-Pooya AA, Mousavi-Roknabadi RS. Burnout among healthcare providers of COVID-19; a systematic review of epidemiology and recommendations. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2020 Dec 10;9(1):e7.
54. Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 6;383(6):510-512. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2008017.
55. Grassi L, Magnani K. Psychiatric morbidity and burnout in the medical profession: an Italian study of general practitioners and hospital physicians. Psychother Psychosom. 2000 Nov-Dec;69(6):329-34. doi: 10.1159/000012416.
56. Forrest CB, Xu H, Thomas LE, Webb LE, Cohen LW, Carey TS, Chuang CH, Daraiseh NM, Kaushal R, McClay JC, Modave F, Nauman E, Todd JV, Wallia A, Bruno C, Hernandez AF, O'Brien EC; HERO Registry Research Group. Impact of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on US healthcare workers: Results from the HERO registry. J Gen Intern Med. 2021 Mar 10:1–8. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06529-z.
57. Simonetti V, Durante A, Ambrosca R, Arcadi P, Graziano G, Pucciarelli G, Simeone S, Vellone E, Alvaro R, Cicolini G. Anxiety, sleep disorders and self-efficacy among nurses during COVID-19 pandemic: A large cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs. 2021 Feb 3. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15685.
58. Wang H, Dai X, Yao Z, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Li J, Han B. The prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms in frontline nurses under COVID-19 pandemic based on a large cross-sectional study using the propensity score-matched method. BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Mar 16;21(1):152. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03143-z.
2. European Commission. Joint European Roadmap towards lifting COVID-19 containment measures. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/communication_-_a_european_roadmap_to_lifting_coronavirus_containment_measures_0.pdf . Accessed January 17, 2021.
3. Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Report sulle caratteristiche dei pazienti deceduti positivi a COVID-19 in Italia del 20 Marzo 2020. Available at: https://www.iss.it/documents/20126/0/Report+per+COVID_20_3_2019.pdf/f4d20257-53d5-eb89-087e-285e2cadf44f?t=1584724121898 . Accessed January 20, 2021.
4. Huang X, Wei F, Hu L, Wen L, Chen K. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19. Arch Iran Med. 2020 Apr 1;23(4):268-271. doi: 10.34172/aim.2020.09.
5. Zhou G, Chen S. & Chen Z. Advances in COVID-19: the virus, the pathogenesis, and evidence-based control and therapeutic strategies. Front. Med. 14, 117–125 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0773-x
6. Wang D, Hu B, HU C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-1069. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585
7. Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y. Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. New England Journal of Medicine doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
8. Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Impatto dell’epidemia covid-19 sulla mortalità totale della popolazione residente periodo gennaio-novembre 2020. December 30, 2020. Available at: https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/252168 . Accessed January 20, 2021.
9. Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri. Decreto del Presidente del Consiglio Dei Ministri, 8 Marzo 2020. Ulteriori disposizioni attuative del decreto-legge 23 febbraio 2020, n. 6, recante misure urgenti in materia di contenimento e gestione dell'emergenza epidemiologica da COVID-19. (20A01522) Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana. Anno 161° - Numero 59 del 08-03-2020. Available at: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2020/03/08/20A01522/sg . Accessed January 20, 2021
10. Riaz M, Abid M, Bano Z. Psychological problems in general population during covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan: role of cognitive emotion regulation. Ann Med. 2021 Dec;53(1):189-196. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1853216.
11. Ren SY, Wang WB, Hao YG, Zhang HR, Wang ZC, Chen YL, Gao RD. Stability and infectivity of coronaviruses in inanimate environments. World J Clin Cases. 2020 Apr 26;8(8):1391-1399. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i8.1391.
12. Tyson RC, Hamilton SD, Lo AS, Baumgaertner BO, Krone SM. The timing and nature of behavioural responses affect the course of an epidemic. Bull Math Biol. 2020 Jan 14;82(1):14. doi: 10.1007/s11538-019-00684-z.
13. Abdulkareem SA, Augustijn EW, Filatova T, Musial K, Mustafa YT. Risk perception and behavioral change during epidemics: Comparing models of individual and collective learning. PLoS One. 2020 Jan 6;15(1):e0226483. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226483.
14. Fiorillo A, Sampogna G, Giallonardo V, Del Vecchio V, Luciano M, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell'Osso B, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sani G, Tortorella A, Volpe U. Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network. Eur Psychiatry. 2020 Sep 28;63(1):e87. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.89.
15. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Wu J, Du H, Chen T, Li R, Tan H, Kang L, Yao L, Huang M, Wang H, Wang G, Liu Z, Hu S. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Mar 2;3(3):e203976. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.
16. Cai H, Tu B, Ma J, Chen L, Fu L, Jiang Y, Zhuang Q. Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in hunan between january and march 2020 during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) in Hubei, China. Med Sci Monit. 2020 Apr 15;26:e924171. doi: 10.12659/MSM.924171.
17. Trumello C, Bramanti SM, Ballarotto G, Candelori C, Cerniglia L, Cimino S, Crudele M, Lombardi L, Pignataro S, Viceconti ML, Babore A. Psychological adjustment of healthcare workers in italy during the covid-19 pandemic: differences in stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, secondary trauma, and compassion satisfaction between frontline and non-frontline professionals. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 12;17(22):8358. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17228358.
18. Wang Y, Kala MP, Jafar TH. Factors associated with psychological distress during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the predominantly general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020 Dec 28;15(12):e0244630. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244630.
19. Wu Y, Wang J, Luo C, Hu S, Lin X, Anderson AE, Bruera E, Yang X, Wei S, Qian Y. A Comparison of burnout frequency among oncology physicians and nurses working on the frontline and usual wards during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020 Jul;60(1):e60-e65. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.008.
20. Jakovljevic M. COVID-19 crisis as a collective hero's journey to better public and global mental health. Psychiatr Danub. 2020 Spring;32(1):3-5. doi: 10.24869/psyd.2020.3.
21. Lee SA, Jobe MC, Mathis AA, Gibbons JA. Incremental validity of coronaphobia: Coronavirus anxiety explains depression, generalized anxiety, and death anxiety. J Anxiety Disord. 2020 Aug;74:102268. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102268. Epub 2020 Jul 1.
22. Raj R, Koyalada S, Kumar A, Kumari S, Pani P, Nishant, Singh KK. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in India: An observational study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Dec 31;9(12):5921-5926. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1217_20.
23. He Q, Fan B, Xie B, Liao Y, Han X, Chen Y, Li L, Iacobucci M, Lee Y, Lui LMW, Lu L, Guo C, McIntyre RS. Mental health conditions among the general population, healthcare workers and quarantined population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Psychol Health Med. 2020 Dec 30:1-13. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1867320.
24. Wanigasooriya K, Palimar P, Naumann DN, Ismail K, Fellows JL, Logan P, Thompson CV, Bermingham H, Beggs AD, Ismail T. Mental health symptoms in a cohort of hospital healthcare workers following the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. BJPsych Open. 2020 Dec 29;7(1):e24. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.150.
25. Gupta B, Sharma V, Kumar N, Mahajan A. Anxiety and sleep disturbances among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in india: cross-sectional online survey. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020 Dec 22;6(4):e24206. doi: 10.2196/24206.
26. Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Aug; 88:901-907. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026.
27. Al Maqbali M, Al Sinani M, Al-Lenjawi B. Prevalence of stress, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2021 Feb;141:110343. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110343.
28. Passamonti F, Cattaneo C, Arcaini L, Bruna R, Cavo M, Merli F, Angelucci E, Krampera M, Cairoli R, Della Porta MG, Fracchiolla N, Ladetto M, Gambacorti Passerini C, Salvini M, Marchetti M, Lemoli R, Molteni A, Busca A, Cuneo A, Romano A, Giuliani N, Galimberti S, Corso A, Morotti A, Falini B, Billio A, Gherlinzoni F, Visani G, Tisi MC, Tafuri A, Tosi P, Lanza F, Massaia M, Turrini M, Ferrara F, Gurrieri C, Vallisa D, Martelli M, Derenzini E, Guarini A, Conconi A, Cuccaro A, Cudillo L, Russo D, Ciambelli F, Scattolin AM, Luppi M, Selleri C, Ortu La Barbera E, Ferrandina C, Di Renzo N, Olivieri A, Bocchia M, Gentile M, Marchesi F, Musto P, Federici AB, Candoni A, Venditti A, Fava C, Pinto A, Galieni P, Rigacci L, Armiento D, Pane F, Oberti M, Zappasodi P, Visco C, Franchi M, Grossi PA, Bertù L, Corrao G, Pagano L, Corradini P; ITA-HEMA-COV Investigators. Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study. Lancet Haematol. 2020 Oct;7(10):e737-e745. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30251-9.
29. Paterson C, Gobel B, Gosselin T, Haylock PJ, Papadopoulou C, Slusser K, Rodriguez A, Pituskin E. Oncology nursing during a pandemic: critical reflections in the context of COVID-19. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2020 Jun;36(3):151028. doi: 10.1016/j.soncn.2020.151028.
30. Sasangohar F, Moats J, Mehta R, Peres SC. Disaster Ergonomics: Human Factors in COVID-19 pandemic emergency management. Hum Factors. 2020 Nov;62(7):1061-1068. doi: 10.1177/0018720820939428.
31. World Health Organization. Burn-Out an “Occupational Phenomenon:” International Classification of Diseases. Available at: https://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/burn-out/en/ . Accessed January 26, 2021
32. Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Organiz Behav. (1981) 2:99–113. doi: 10.1002/job.4030020205
33. Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, Wang Y, Hu J, Lai J, Ma X, Chen J, Guan L, Wang G, Ma H, Liu Z. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Mar;7(3):e14. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X.
34. Xiang YT, Jin Y, Cheung T. Joint international collaboration to combat mental health challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 Pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Oct 1;77(10):989-990. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1057.
35. Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, Lang Q, Pang H, Liao C, Wang N, Tao P, Huang H. Anxiety of Nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 epidemic and its correlation with work stress and self-efficacy. J Clin Nurs. 2021 Feb;30(3-4):397-405. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15549.
36. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
37. Curcio G, Tempesta D, Scarlata S, Marzano C, Moroni F, Rossini PM, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. Validity of the Italian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Neurol Sci. 2013 Apr;34(4):511-9. doi: 10.1007/s10072-012-1085-y.
38. Sirigatti S, Stefanile C. MBI Maslach Burnout Inventory: adattamento e taratura per l’Italia. In: MBI Maslach Burnout Inventory Manuale. Florence, Italy: OS Organizzazioni Speciali, 1993:33e42.
39. Shanafelt TD, Boone S, Tan L, Dyrbye LN, Sotile W, Satele D, West CP, Sloan J, Oreskovich MR. Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance among US physicians relative to the general US population. Arch Intern Med. 2012 Oct 8;172(18):1377-85. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3199.
40. Reddy SK, Yennu S, Tanco K, Anderson AE, Guzman D, Ali Naqvi SM, Sadaf H, Williams J, Liu DD, Bruera E. Frequency of burnout among palliative care physicians participating in a continuing medical education course. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020 Jul;60(1):80-86.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.02.013.
41. Sirigatti S, Stefanile C. Aspetti e problemi dell’adattamento italiano del MBI. Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata, 1992. 202-203, 3-12.
42. Adibe B, Perticone K, Hebert C. Creating Wellness in a pandemic: a Practical Framework for health systems responding to Covid-19. NEJM Catal 2020. https://doi.org/10.1056/CAT.20.0218.
43. Botti S, Serra N, Castagnetti F, Chiaretti S, Mordini N, Gargiulo G, Orlando L. Hematology patient protection during the covid-19 pandemic in italy: a nationwide nursing survey. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2021 Jan 1;13(1):e2021011. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2021.011.
44. Barello S, Palamenghi L, Graffigna G. Stressors and resources for healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: lesson learned from Italy. Front Psychol. 2020 Oct 8;11:2179. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02179.
45. Launer J. Burnout in the age of COVID-19. Postgrad Med J. 2020 Jun;96(1136):367-368. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137980.
46. Alharbi J, Jackson D, Usher K. The potential for COVID-19 to contribute to compassion fatigue in critical care nurses. J Clin Nurs. 2020 Aug;29(15-16):2762-2764. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15314.
47. Varani S, Ostan R, Franchini L, Ercolani G, Pannuti R, Biasco G, Bruera E. Caring advanced cancer patients at home during COVID-19 outbreak: burnout and psychological morbidity among palliative care professionals in italy. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2021 Feb;61(2):e4-e12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.11.026.
48. Vagliano L, Ricceri F, Dimonte V, Scarrone S, Fiorillo L, Buono S, Del Giudice E, Conti F, Orlando L, Mammoliti S, Alberani F. Il burnout e il rischio di burnout nelle equipe di trapianto di midollo osseo: uno studio multicentrico italiano [Burnout and risk of burnout in the teams of bone marrow transplant: a multicentre Italian survey]. Assist Inferm Ric. 2016 Jan-Mar;35(1):6-15. Italian. doi: 10.1702/2228.24010. PMID: 27183420.
49. Bressi C, Manenti S, Porcellana M, Cevales D, Farina L, Felicioni I, Meloni G, Milone G, Miccolis IR, Pavanetto M, Pescador L, Poddigue M, Scotti L, Zambon A, Corrao G, Lambertenghi-Deliliers G, Invernizzi G. Haemato-oncology and burnout: an Italian survey. Br J Cancer. 2008 Mar 25;98(6):1046-52. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604270. Epub 2008 Feb 19. PMID: 18283310; PMCID: PMC2275477.
50. Barello S, Palamenghi L, Graffigna G. Burnout and somatic symptoms among frontline healthcare professionals at the peak of the Italian COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Aug;290:113129. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113129.
51. Naldi A, Vallelonga F, Di Liberto A, Cavallo R, Agnesone M, Gonella M, Sauta MD, Lochner P, Tondo G, Bragazzi NL, Botto R, Leombruni P. COVID-19 pandemic-related anxiety, distress and burnout: prevalence and associated factors in healthcare workers of North-West Italy. BJPsych Open. 2021 Jan 7;7(1):e27. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.161.
52. Dimitriu MCT, Pantea-Stoian A, Smaranda AC, Nica AA, Carap AC, Constantin VD, Davitoiu AM, Cirstoveanu C, Bacalbasa N, Bratu OG, Jacota-Alexe F, Badiu CD, Smarandache CG, Socea B. Burnout syndrome in Romanian medical residents in time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Med Hypotheses. 2020 Nov;144:109972. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109972.
53. Sharifi M, Asadi-Pooya AA, Mousavi-Roknabadi RS. Burnout among healthcare providers of COVID-19; a systematic review of epidemiology and recommendations. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2020 Dec 10;9(1):e7.
54. Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 6;383(6):510-512. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2008017.
55. Grassi L, Magnani K. Psychiatric morbidity and burnout in the medical profession: an Italian study of general practitioners and hospital physicians. Psychother Psychosom. 2000 Nov-Dec;69(6):329-34. doi: 10.1159/000012416.
56. Forrest CB, Xu H, Thomas LE, Webb LE, Cohen LW, Carey TS, Chuang CH, Daraiseh NM, Kaushal R, McClay JC, Modave F, Nauman E, Todd JV, Wallia A, Bruno C, Hernandez AF, O'Brien EC; HERO Registry Research Group. Impact of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on US healthcare workers: Results from the HERO registry. J Gen Intern Med. 2021 Mar 10:1–8. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06529-z.
57. Simonetti V, Durante A, Ambrosca R, Arcadi P, Graziano G, Pucciarelli G, Simeone S, Vellone E, Alvaro R, Cicolini G. Anxiety, sleep disorders and self-efficacy among nurses during COVID-19 pandemic: A large cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs. 2021 Feb 3. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15685.
58. Wang H, Dai X, Yao Z, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Li J, Han B. The prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms in frontline nurses under COVID-19 pandemic based on a large cross-sectional study using the propensity score-matched method. BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Mar 16;21(1):152. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03143-z.
Article Sidebar
Published
Jan 1, 2022
Article Details
How to Cite
Botti, S. (2022) “NURSES’ PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS DURING THE FIRST COVID-19 LOCKDOWN IN ITALY: A nationwide cross-sectional study in stem cell transplantation setting. ”, Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 14(1), p. e2022010. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2022.010.
Section
Original Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transfer of Copyright and Permission to Reproduce Parts of Published Papers. Authors will grant copyright of their articles to the Institute of Hematology, Catholic University, Rome . No formal permission will be required to reproduce parts (tables or illustrations) of published papers, provided the source is quoted appropriately and reproduction has no commercial intent. Reproductions with commercial intent will require written permission and payment of royalties.
Author Biography
Stefano Botti, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia
Hematology Unit