ENDOTHELIAL BIOMARKERS IN PATIENTS RECOVERED FROM COVID-19 ONE YEAR AFTER HOSPITAL DISCHARGE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY   Endothelial biomarkers in COVID-19 recoverers one year after hospital discharge.

Main Article Content

Ming Tong
Xiquan Yan
Yu Jiang
Zhaoxia Jin
Shengjiao Zhu
Lianhong Zou
Yanjuan Liu
Qing Zheng
Guoqiang Chen
Ruifeng Gui Gui
Zhilan Zhou
Xiaotong Han
Jiangming He
Siqing Yin
Changchun Ma
Wen Xiao
Yong Zeng
Fang Chen
Yimin Zhu

Keywords

COVID-19, endothelial biomarkers, one-year follow-up, cardiovascular sequaele

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and is presumed to have long-term cardiovascular sequelae. In this study, we aimed to explore the serum levels of endothelial biomarkers of COVID-19 recovers 1-year after hospital discharge.


Methods: A clinical follow-up study, including 345 COVID-19 survivors from Huanggang, Hubei, and 119 age and gender matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. A standardized symptom questionnaire, electrocardiogram and Doppler ultrasound of lower extremities, routine blood tests, biochemical and immunological tests were collected, and serum levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), P-selectin, and fractalkine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.


Results: 1-year after discharge, 39% of recovers possessed post-COVID syndromes, while no deep vein thrombosis was detected in all screened. No significant differences in circulatory inflammatory markers (leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6), alanine aminotransferase, estimated glomerular filtration rate, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and D-dimer observed among controls and previously mild or severe infected. Furthermore, serum levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, P-selectin, and fractalkine presented no significant differences between survivors and healthy controls.


Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection may not impose a higher risk of long-term cardiovascular sequelae, even for those recovered from severe illness.


KEYWORDS: COVID, ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, INFLAMMATORY MARKERS, ADHESION MOLECULES, THROMBOSIS.

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