The venetoclax/azacitidine combination targets the disease clone in Acute Myeloid Leukemia, being effective and safe in a patient with COVID VEN/AZA effectively targets AML clones
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Keywords
Venetoclax, venetoclax/azacitidine combination, AML, t-CMML, targeted-NGS
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References
1. Dombret H, Seymour JF, Butrym A, Wierzbowska A, Selleslag D, Jang JH, et al. International phase 3 study of azacitidine vs conventional care regimens in older patients with newly diagnosed AML with >30% blasts. Blood. 2015;126(3):291-9. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-01-621664
2. Fenaux P, Mufti GJ, Hellstrom-Lindberg E, Santini V, Finelli C, Giagounidis A, et al. International Vidaza High-Risk MDS Survival Study Group. Efficacy of azacitidine compared with that of conventional care regimens in the treatment of higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a randomised, open-label, phase III study. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10(3):223-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70003-8
3. Voso MT, Santini V, Fabiani E, Fianchi L, Criscuolo M, Falconi G, et al. Why methylation is not a marker predictive of response to hypomethylating agents. Haematologica. 2014;99(4):613-9. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2013.099549
4. DiNardo CD, Jonas BA, Pullarkat V, Thirman MJ, Garcia JS, Wei AH, et al. Azacitidine and Venetoclax in Previously Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(7):617-629. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2012971
5. Rahmani NE, Ramachandra N, Sahu S, Gitego N, Lopez A, Pradhan K, et al. ASXL1 mutations are associated with distinct epigenomic alterations that lead to sensitivity to venetoclax and azacytidine. Blood Cancer J. 2021;11(9):157. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-021-00541-0
6. Cherry EM, Abbott D, Amaya M, McMahon C, Schwartz M, Rosser J, et al. Venetoclax and azacitidine compared with induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv. 2021;5(24):5565-5573. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005538
7. DiNardo CD, Tiong IS, Quaglieri A, MacRaild S, Loghavi S, Brown FC, et al. Molecular patterns of response and treatment failure after frontline venetoclax combinations in older patients with AML. Blood. 2020;135(11):791-803. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019003988
8. Such E, Germing U, Malcovati L, Cervera J, Kuendgen A, Della Porta MG, et al. Development and validation of a prognostic scoring system for patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood. 2013;121(15):3005-15. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-08-452938
9. Elena C, Gallì A, Such E, Meggendorfer M, Germing U, Rizzo E, et al. Integrating clinical features and genetic lesions in the risk assessment of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood. 2016;128(10):1408-17. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-05-714030
10. Döhner H, Estey E, Grimwade D, Amadori S, Appelbaum FR, Büchner T, et al. Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2017 ELN recommendations from an international expert panel. Blood. 2017;129(4):424-447. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-08-733196
11. Patnaik MM, Vallapureddy R, Yalniz FF, Hanson CA, Ketterling RP, Lasho TL, et al. Therapy related-chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML): Molecular, cytogenetic, and clinical distinctions from de novo CMML. Am J Hematol. 2018;93(1):65-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.24939
12. Paul S, Rausch CR, Jain N, Kadia T, Ravandi F, DiNardo CD, et al. Treating Leukemia in the Time of COVID-19. Acta Haematol. 2021;144(2):132-145. https://doi.org/10.1159/000508199
13. Craddock C, Quek L, Goardon N, Freeman S, Siddique S, Raghavan M, et al. Azacitidine fails to eradicate leukemic stem/progenitor cell populations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia. Leukemia. 2013;27(5):1028-36. https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2012.312
14. Falconi G, Fabiani E, Piciocchi A, Criscuolo M, Fianchi L, Lindfors Rossi EL, et al. Somatic mutations as markers of outcome after azacitidine and allogeneic stem cell transplantation in higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia. 2019;33(3):785-790. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-018-0284-9
15. Welch JS, Petti AA, Miller CA, Fronick CC, O'Laughlin M, Fulton RS, et al. TP53 and Decitabine in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2016 Nov;375(21):2023-2036. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1605949
2. Fenaux P, Mufti GJ, Hellstrom-Lindberg E, Santini V, Finelli C, Giagounidis A, et al. International Vidaza High-Risk MDS Survival Study Group. Efficacy of azacitidine compared with that of conventional care regimens in the treatment of higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a randomised, open-label, phase III study. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10(3):223-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70003-8
3. Voso MT, Santini V, Fabiani E, Fianchi L, Criscuolo M, Falconi G, et al. Why methylation is not a marker predictive of response to hypomethylating agents. Haematologica. 2014;99(4):613-9. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2013.099549
4. DiNardo CD, Jonas BA, Pullarkat V, Thirman MJ, Garcia JS, Wei AH, et al. Azacitidine and Venetoclax in Previously Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(7):617-629. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2012971
5. Rahmani NE, Ramachandra N, Sahu S, Gitego N, Lopez A, Pradhan K, et al. ASXL1 mutations are associated with distinct epigenomic alterations that lead to sensitivity to venetoclax and azacytidine. Blood Cancer J. 2021;11(9):157. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-021-00541-0
6. Cherry EM, Abbott D, Amaya M, McMahon C, Schwartz M, Rosser J, et al. Venetoclax and azacitidine compared with induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv. 2021;5(24):5565-5573. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005538
7. DiNardo CD, Tiong IS, Quaglieri A, MacRaild S, Loghavi S, Brown FC, et al. Molecular patterns of response and treatment failure after frontline venetoclax combinations in older patients with AML. Blood. 2020;135(11):791-803. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019003988
8. Such E, Germing U, Malcovati L, Cervera J, Kuendgen A, Della Porta MG, et al. Development and validation of a prognostic scoring system for patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood. 2013;121(15):3005-15. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-08-452938
9. Elena C, Gallì A, Such E, Meggendorfer M, Germing U, Rizzo E, et al. Integrating clinical features and genetic lesions in the risk assessment of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood. 2016;128(10):1408-17. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-05-714030
10. Döhner H, Estey E, Grimwade D, Amadori S, Appelbaum FR, Büchner T, et al. Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2017 ELN recommendations from an international expert panel. Blood. 2017;129(4):424-447. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-08-733196
11. Patnaik MM, Vallapureddy R, Yalniz FF, Hanson CA, Ketterling RP, Lasho TL, et al. Therapy related-chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML): Molecular, cytogenetic, and clinical distinctions from de novo CMML. Am J Hematol. 2018;93(1):65-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.24939
12. Paul S, Rausch CR, Jain N, Kadia T, Ravandi F, DiNardo CD, et al. Treating Leukemia in the Time of COVID-19. Acta Haematol. 2021;144(2):132-145. https://doi.org/10.1159/000508199
13. Craddock C, Quek L, Goardon N, Freeman S, Siddique S, Raghavan M, et al. Azacitidine fails to eradicate leukemic stem/progenitor cell populations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia. Leukemia. 2013;27(5):1028-36. https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2012.312
14. Falconi G, Fabiani E, Piciocchi A, Criscuolo M, Fianchi L, Lindfors Rossi EL, et al. Somatic mutations as markers of outcome after azacitidine and allogeneic stem cell transplantation in higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia. 2019;33(3):785-790. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-018-0284-9
15. Welch JS, Petti AA, Miller CA, Fronick CC, O'Laughlin M, Fulton RS, et al. TP53 and Decitabine in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2016 Nov;375(21):2023-2036. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1605949