INSIGHTS INTO THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN KIR GENE FREQUENCIES AND CHRONIC HBV INFECTION IN BURKINA FASO
Main Article Content
Keywords
KIR, HBV, Chronic Hepatitis B, Burkina Faso
Abstract
Background/Objective: The receptors of natural killer cells "Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor" (KIR) regulate the activity of Natural killer cells in the innate response against viral infections. To date there is no accurate method to identify high risk groups for cirrhosis and HCC in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this investigation was undertaken to assess the association between KIR genes frequencies and chronic infection HBV infection in Burkina Faso’s population.
Methods: Chronic HBV carriers and healthy patients were selected for this study. The viral load for HBV were performed to confirm the serological status for HBV of the studied cohort. In addition, SSP-PCR was used to characterize the frequencies of KIR genes.
Results: The study suggested that inhibitory genes KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3 and activator gene KIR2DS2 (p?0.001 for all and OR = 2.82; 2.48 and 3.84 respectively) might be associated with chronic stages of HBV infection. While inhibitory genes KIR3DL1 (p = 0.0018 OR = 0.49), KIR3DL2 (p = 0.005 OR = 0.40), the activator gene KIR2DS1 (p = 0.014 OR = 0.47) and the pseudo gene KIR2DP1 (p = 0.011 OR = 0.49) could be associated with immunity against HBV infection. Patients who carried the KIR3DL2 gene had a high HBV viral load compared to the rest of the study population.
Conclusion: Our data showed an evidence of correlation between the propensity of developing chronic HBV infection and certain KIR gene frequencies and that KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR2DS1 and KIR2DP1 might confer a protective status against chronic HBV infection in Burkina Faso’s patients.
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References
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21. Middleton D, Williams F, Halfpenny IA. KIR genes. Transpl Immunol. 2005; 14(3-4): 135-42.
22. Jonsson AH, Yokoyama WM. Natural killer cell tolerance licensing and other mechanisms. Adv Immunol. 2009; 101: 27-79.
23. Selvakumar A, Steffens U, Dupont B. Polymorphism and domain variability of human killer cell inhibitory receptors. Immunol Rev. 1997; 155: 183-96.
24. Moretta A, Sivori S, Vitale M, Pende D, Morelli L, Augugliaro R, Bottino C, Moretta L. Existence of both inhibitory (p58) and activatory (p50) receptors for HLA-C molecules in human natural killer cells. J Exp Med. 1995; 182(3): 875-84.
25. Van der Slik AR, Koeleman BP, Verduijn W, Bruining GJ, Roep BO, Giphart MJ. KIR in type 1 diabetes: disparate distribution of activating and inhibitory natural killer cell receptors in patients versus HLA-matched control subjects. Diabetes. 2003; 52(10): 2639-42.
26. Van der Slik AR, Alizadeh BZ, Koeleman BP, Roep BO, Giphart MJ. Modelling KIR-HLA genotype disparities in type 1 diabetes. Tissue Antigens. 2007; 69 Suppl 1:101-5.
27. Shan Z, Huang J, Liao Q, Huang K, Wang M, Xu R, Tang X, Zhang W, Nelson K, Fu Y, Li C, Rong X. Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in the Chinese population. Transfusion. 2018; 58(4):1028-1035
28. Khakoo SI, Thio CL, Martin MP, Brooks CR, Gao X, Astemborski J, Cheng J, Goedert JJ, Vlahov D, Hilgartner M, Cox S, Little AM, Alexander GJ, Cramp ME, O'Brien SJ, Rosenberg WM, Thomas DL, Carrington M. HLA and NK cell inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus infection. Science. 2004; 305(5685): 872-4.
29. Zwoli?ska K, B?achowicz O, Tomczyk T, Knysz B, G?siorowski J, Zalewska M, Orzechowska BU, Sochocka M, Piasecki E. The effects of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes on susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in the Polish population. Immunogenetics. 2016; 68(5): 327-37.
30. Omosun YO, Blackstock AJ, Williamson J, Van Eijk AM, Ayisi J, Otieno J, Lal RB, Ter Kuile FO, Slutsker L, Shi YP. Association of maternal KIR gene content polymorphisms with reduction in perinatal transmission of HIV-1. PLoS One. 2018; 13(1): e0191733.Epub 2018 Jan 23.
31. Zhi-ming L, Yu-lian J, Zhao-lei F, Chun-xiao W, Zhen-fang D, Bing-chang Z, Yue-ran Z. Polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene: possible association with susceptibility to or clearance of hepatitis B virus infection in Chinese Han population. Croat Med J. 2007; 48(6): 800-6.
32. Kibar F, Goruroglu Ozturk O, Ulu A, Erken E, Inal S, Dinkci S, Kurtaran B, Tasova Y, Aksu HS, Yaman A. Role of KIR genes and genotypes in susceptibility to or protection against hepatitis B virus infection in a Turkish cohort. Med Sci Monit. 2014; 20: 28-34.
33. Yindom LM, Mendy M, Bodimeade C, Chambion C, Aka P, Whittle HC, Rowland-Jones SL, Walton R. KIR content genotypes associate with carriage of hepatitis B surface antigen, e antigen and HBV viral load in Gambians. PLoS One. 2017; 12(11): e0188307. 2017 Epub Nov 17.
34. Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF. A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988; 16(3): 1215.
35. Kulkarni S, Martin MP, Carrington M. KIR genotyping by multiplex PCR-SSP. Methods Mol Biol. 2010; 612: 365-75.
36. Kew MC, Kramvis A, Yu MC, Arakawa K, Hodkinson J. Increased hepatocarcinogenic potential of hepatitis B virus genotype A in Bantu-speaking sub-saharan Africans. J Med Virol. 2005; 75(4): 513-21.
37. Kew MC. Hepatocellular carcinoma in African Blacks: Recent progress in etiology and pathogenesis. World J Hepatol. 2010; 2(2): 65-73.
38. Attia MA. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Egypt and Africa. Antivir Ther. 1998; 3(Suppl 3): 1-9.
39. Wild CP, Hall AJ. Primary prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in developing countries. Mutat Res. 2000; 462(2-3): 381-93.
40. Tan W, Xia J, Dan Y, Li M, Lin S, Pan X, Wang H, Tang Y, Liu N, Tan S, Liu M, He W, Zhang W, Mao Q, Wang Y, Deng G. Genome-wide association study identi fi es HLA-DR variants conferring risk of HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Gut. 2018; 67(4): 757-766.
41. Pankaj G, Ullas B, Doval DC, Parveen J, Amitabh UK, Dash PK, Akhil J, Agarwal M, Rajat B. Efficacy and toxicity profile of maintenance pemetrexed in patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma lung in Indian population. South Asian J Cancer. 2016; 5(4): 196-203.
42. Laaribi AB, Hannachi N, Ben Yahia H, Marzouk M, Mehri A, Belhadj M, Yacoub S, Letaief A, Ouzari HI, Boudabous A, Boukadida J, Rizzo R, Zidi I. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA-F) polymorphism is associated with chronic HBV infection. 3 Biotech. 2018; 8(1): 49.
43. Compaore TR, Diarra B, Assih M, Obiri-Yeboah D, Soubeiga ST, Ouattara AK, Tchelougou D, Bisseye C, Bakouan DR, Compaore IP, Dembele A, Djigma WF, Simpore J. HBV/HIV co-infection and APOBEC3G polymorphisms in a population from Burkina Faso. BMC Infect Dis. 2016; 16: 336.
44. Gao X, Jiao Y, Wang L, Liu X, Sun W, Cui B, Chen Z, Zhao Y. Inhibitory KIR and specific HLA-C gene combinations confer susceptibility to or protection against chronic hepatitis B. Clin Immunol. 2010; 137(1): 139-46.
45. Lu Z, Zhang B, Chen S, Gai Z, Feng Z, Liu X, Liu Y, Wen X, Li L, Jiao Y, Ma C, Shao S, Cui X, Chen G, Li J, Zhao Y. Association of KIR genotypes and haplotypes with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Chinese Han population. Cell Mol Immunol. 2008; 5(6): 457-63.
46. Pan N, Jiang W, Sun H, Miao F, Qiu J, Jin H, Xu J, Shi Q, Xie W, Zhang J. KIR and HLA loci are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with hepatitis B virus infection: a case-control study. PLoS One. 2011; 6(10): e25682. Epub 2011 Oct 5
2. Zampino R, Boemio A, Sagnelli C, Alessio L, Adinolfi LE, Sagnelli E, Coppola N. Hepatitis B virus burden in developing countries. World J Gastroenterol. 2015; 21 (42): 11941-53.
3. Stasi C, Silvestri C, Voller F. Emerging Trends in Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. J Clin Transl Hepatol, 2017; 5(3): 272-276.
4. Petruzziello A. Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Open Virol J. 2018; 12: 26-32.
5. Lemoine M, Nayagam S, Thursz M. Viral hepatitis in resource-limited countries and access to antiviral therapies: current and future challenges. Future Virol. 2013; 8(4): 371-380.
6. Tao I, Compaoré TR, Diarra B, Djigma F, Zohoncon TM, Assih M, Ouermi D, Pietra V, Karou SD, Simpore J. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B and C viruses in the general population of burkina faso. Hepat Res Treat. 2014; 781843. Epub 2014 Aug 5.
7. Sanou AM, Benkirane K, Tinto B, Cissé A, Sagna T, Ilboudo AK, Dording C, Tarnagda Z, Muller CP, Hübschen JM. Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis D virus coinfection in Western Burkina Faso and molecular characterization of the detected virus strains. Int J Infect Dis. 2018; 70:15-19
8. Nagalo MB, Sanou M, Bisseye C, Kaboré MI, Nebie YK, Kienou K, Kiba A, Dahourou H, Ouattara S, Zongo JD, Simporé J. Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses and syphilis among blood donors in Koudougou (Burkina Faso) in 2009. Blood Transfus. 2011; 9(4): 419-24.
9. Nagalo BM, Bisseye C, Sanou M, Kienou K, Nebié YK, Kiba A, Dahourou H, Ouattara S, Nikiema JB, Moret R, Zongo JD, Simpore J. Seroprevalence and incidence of transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases among blood donors from regional blood transfusion centres in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Trop Med Int Health. 2012; 17(2): 247-53.
10. Ilboudo D, Simpore J, Ouermi D, Bisseye C, Sagna T, Odolini S, Buelli F, Pietra V, Pignatelli S, Gnoula C, Nikiema JB, Musumeci S. Towards the complete eradication of mother-to-child HIV/HBV coinfection at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Burkina Faso, Africa. Braz J Infect Dis. 2010; 14(3): 219-24.
11. Rongrui L, Na H, Zongfang L, Fanpu J, Shiwen J. Epigenetic mechanism involved in the HBV/HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis. Curr Pharm Des. 2014; 20(11): 1715-25.
12. Hong X., Kim ES, Guo H. Epigenetic regulation of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA: Implications for epigenetic therapy against chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2017; 66(6): 2066-2077.
13. Parkin DM. Global cancer statistics in the year 2000. Lancet Oncol. 2001; 2(9): 533-43.
14. Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009. Hepatology. 2009; 50(3): 661-2.
15. Hamerman JA, Ogasawara K, Lanier LL. NK cells in innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol. 2005; 17(1): 29-35.
16. White-Grindley E, Si K. RISC-y Memories. Cell. 2006; 124(1): 23-6.
17. González-Galarza FF, Takeshita LY, Santos EJ, Kempson F, Maia MH, Da Silva AL, Teles e Silva AL, Ghattaoraya GS, Alfirevic A, Jones AR, Middleton D. Allele frequency net 2015 update: new features for HLA epitopes, KIR and disease and HLA adverse drug reaction associations. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015; 43(Database issue): p. D784-8 Epub 2014 Nov 20.
18. Takeshita LY, Gonzalez-Galarza FF, dos Santos EJ, Maia MH, Rahman MM, Zain SM, Middleton D, Jones AR. A database for curating the associations between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and diseases in worldwide populations. Database (Oxford), 2013. bat021. doi: 10.1093/database/bat021.
19. Faure M, Long EO. KIR2DL4 (CD158d), an NK cell-activating receptor with inhibitory potential. J Immunol. 2002; 168(12): 6208-14.
20. Vilches C, Parham P. KIR: diverse, rapidly evolving receptors of innate and adaptive immunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2002; 20: 217-51.
21. Middleton D, Williams F, Halfpenny IA. KIR genes. Transpl Immunol. 2005; 14(3-4): 135-42.
22. Jonsson AH, Yokoyama WM. Natural killer cell tolerance licensing and other mechanisms. Adv Immunol. 2009; 101: 27-79.
23. Selvakumar A, Steffens U, Dupont B. Polymorphism and domain variability of human killer cell inhibitory receptors. Immunol Rev. 1997; 155: 183-96.
24. Moretta A, Sivori S, Vitale M, Pende D, Morelli L, Augugliaro R, Bottino C, Moretta L. Existence of both inhibitory (p58) and activatory (p50) receptors for HLA-C molecules in human natural killer cells. J Exp Med. 1995; 182(3): 875-84.
25. Van der Slik AR, Koeleman BP, Verduijn W, Bruining GJ, Roep BO, Giphart MJ. KIR in type 1 diabetes: disparate distribution of activating and inhibitory natural killer cell receptors in patients versus HLA-matched control subjects. Diabetes. 2003; 52(10): 2639-42.
26. Van der Slik AR, Alizadeh BZ, Koeleman BP, Roep BO, Giphart MJ. Modelling KIR-HLA genotype disparities in type 1 diabetes. Tissue Antigens. 2007; 69 Suppl 1:101-5.
27. Shan Z, Huang J, Liao Q, Huang K, Wang M, Xu R, Tang X, Zhang W, Nelson K, Fu Y, Li C, Rong X. Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in the Chinese population. Transfusion. 2018; 58(4):1028-1035
28. Khakoo SI, Thio CL, Martin MP, Brooks CR, Gao X, Astemborski J, Cheng J, Goedert JJ, Vlahov D, Hilgartner M, Cox S, Little AM, Alexander GJ, Cramp ME, O'Brien SJ, Rosenberg WM, Thomas DL, Carrington M. HLA and NK cell inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus infection. Science. 2004; 305(5685): 872-4.
29. Zwoli?ska K, B?achowicz O, Tomczyk T, Knysz B, G?siorowski J, Zalewska M, Orzechowska BU, Sochocka M, Piasecki E. The effects of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes on susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in the Polish population. Immunogenetics. 2016; 68(5): 327-37.
30. Omosun YO, Blackstock AJ, Williamson J, Van Eijk AM, Ayisi J, Otieno J, Lal RB, Ter Kuile FO, Slutsker L, Shi YP. Association of maternal KIR gene content polymorphisms with reduction in perinatal transmission of HIV-1. PLoS One. 2018; 13(1): e0191733.Epub 2018 Jan 23.
31. Zhi-ming L, Yu-lian J, Zhao-lei F, Chun-xiao W, Zhen-fang D, Bing-chang Z, Yue-ran Z. Polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene: possible association with susceptibility to or clearance of hepatitis B virus infection in Chinese Han population. Croat Med J. 2007; 48(6): 800-6.
32. Kibar F, Goruroglu Ozturk O, Ulu A, Erken E, Inal S, Dinkci S, Kurtaran B, Tasova Y, Aksu HS, Yaman A. Role of KIR genes and genotypes in susceptibility to or protection against hepatitis B virus infection in a Turkish cohort. Med Sci Monit. 2014; 20: 28-34.
33. Yindom LM, Mendy M, Bodimeade C, Chambion C, Aka P, Whittle HC, Rowland-Jones SL, Walton R. KIR content genotypes associate with carriage of hepatitis B surface antigen, e antigen and HBV viral load in Gambians. PLoS One. 2017; 12(11): e0188307. 2017 Epub Nov 17.
34. Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF. A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988; 16(3): 1215.
35. Kulkarni S, Martin MP, Carrington M. KIR genotyping by multiplex PCR-SSP. Methods Mol Biol. 2010; 612: 365-75.
36. Kew MC, Kramvis A, Yu MC, Arakawa K, Hodkinson J. Increased hepatocarcinogenic potential of hepatitis B virus genotype A in Bantu-speaking sub-saharan Africans. J Med Virol. 2005; 75(4): 513-21.
37. Kew MC. Hepatocellular carcinoma in African Blacks: Recent progress in etiology and pathogenesis. World J Hepatol. 2010; 2(2): 65-73.
38. Attia MA. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Egypt and Africa. Antivir Ther. 1998; 3(Suppl 3): 1-9.
39. Wild CP, Hall AJ. Primary prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in developing countries. Mutat Res. 2000; 462(2-3): 381-93.
40. Tan W, Xia J, Dan Y, Li M, Lin S, Pan X, Wang H, Tang Y, Liu N, Tan S, Liu M, He W, Zhang W, Mao Q, Wang Y, Deng G. Genome-wide association study identi fi es HLA-DR variants conferring risk of HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Gut. 2018; 67(4): 757-766.
41. Pankaj G, Ullas B, Doval DC, Parveen J, Amitabh UK, Dash PK, Akhil J, Agarwal M, Rajat B. Efficacy and toxicity profile of maintenance pemetrexed in patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma lung in Indian population. South Asian J Cancer. 2016; 5(4): 196-203.
42. Laaribi AB, Hannachi N, Ben Yahia H, Marzouk M, Mehri A, Belhadj M, Yacoub S, Letaief A, Ouzari HI, Boudabous A, Boukadida J, Rizzo R, Zidi I. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA-F) polymorphism is associated with chronic HBV infection. 3 Biotech. 2018; 8(1): 49.
43. Compaore TR, Diarra B, Assih M, Obiri-Yeboah D, Soubeiga ST, Ouattara AK, Tchelougou D, Bisseye C, Bakouan DR, Compaore IP, Dembele A, Djigma WF, Simpore J. HBV/HIV co-infection and APOBEC3G polymorphisms in a population from Burkina Faso. BMC Infect Dis. 2016; 16: 336.
44. Gao X, Jiao Y, Wang L, Liu X, Sun W, Cui B, Chen Z, Zhao Y. Inhibitory KIR and specific HLA-C gene combinations confer susceptibility to or protection against chronic hepatitis B. Clin Immunol. 2010; 137(1): 139-46.
45. Lu Z, Zhang B, Chen S, Gai Z, Feng Z, Liu X, Liu Y, Wen X, Li L, Jiao Y, Ma C, Shao S, Cui X, Chen G, Li J, Zhao Y. Association of KIR genotypes and haplotypes with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Chinese Han population. Cell Mol Immunol. 2008; 5(6): 457-63.
46. Pan N, Jiang W, Sun H, Miao F, Qiu J, Jin H, Xu J, Shi Q, Xie W, Zhang J. KIR and HLA loci are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with hepatitis B virus infection: a case-control study. PLoS One. 2011; 6(10): e25682. Epub 2011 Oct 5