Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to refractory acute myeloid leukemia resolved after second line treatment with azacitidine plus venetoclax
Main Article Content
Keywords
acute myeloid leukemia, Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), also defined as hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), represents a potentially life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome, characterized by impaired function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells and macrophages. The main clinical features of HLH are prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperferritinemia and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow, liver, spleen or lymph nodes. Secondary HLH typically occurs in conjunction with severe infections, malignancies or autoimmune disorders and intensive chemotherapy, potentially complicating treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in around 10% of cases. Herein we report for the first time a case of HLH secondary to refractory/relapsed AML resolved after a second line treatment with azacitidine plus venetoclax, thus offering a new potential therapeutic perspective in the context of a life-threatening clinical scenario.
Downloads
Abstract 936
PDF Downloads 1049
HTML Downloads 105
References
2. Delavigne K, Bérard E, Bertoli S, et al. Hemophagocytic syndrome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Haematologica.2014;99(3):474-480.
3. Fozza C, Corda G, Barraqueddu F, et al. Azacitidine improves the T-cell repertoire in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia with multilineage dysplasia. Leuk Res.2015; 39: 957-963.
4. Diesch J, Zwick A, Garz AK, Palau A, Buschbeck M, Götze KS. A clinical-molecular update on azanucleoside-based therapy for the treatment of hematologic cancers. Clin Epigenetics.2016;8:71.
5. Kalita P, Laishram D, Dey B, Mishra J, Barman B, Barman H. Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Post-COVID-19 Patients: A Report of Two Cases. Cureus.2021;13(8):e17328.
6. Kayaaslan BU et al (2021) A case of Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis induced by COVID-19, and review of all cases reported in the literature. J Infect Dev Ctries.15(11):1607–1614.
7. Naous E, Nassani BM, Yaghi C, Nasr F, Medlej R. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a new cause of death during 'post-acute COVID-19 syndrome?' A case report. J Hematop.2021;14(3):229-233.
8. Ioannou M, Zacharouli K, Dukas SG, et al. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis diagnosed by bone marrow trephine biopsy in living post-COVID-19 patients: case report and mini-review. J Mol Histol.2022;53(4):753-762.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
How to Cite
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transfer of Copyright and Permission to Reproduce Parts of Published Papers. Authors will grant copyright of their articles to the Institute of Hematology, Catholic University, Rome . No formal permission will be required to reproduce parts (tables or illustrations) of published papers, provided the source is quoted appropriately and reproduction has no commercial intent. Reproductions with commercial intent will require written permission and payment of royalties.