PLASMACELL NEOPLASMS WITH SPREADING IN THE BLOOD AND TISSUES: EXTRAMEDULLARY MYELOMA DISEASE A RARE AGGRESSIVE FORM OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA (First of two parts) Extra Medullary Myeloma
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Keywords
Myeloma, Extramedullary myeloma, CAR T-Cells, Circulating plasma cells
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a disease related to the proliferation of malignant plasma cells; in the large majority of patients the disease is confined at the level of bone marrow. However, in a minority of patients the malignant plasma cells are localized also outside bone marrow, either at the level of peripheral blood (plasma cell leukemia) or at the level of soft tissues (extramedullary multiple myeloma). These two rare forms of aggressive MM (ultrahigh-risk (uHR) MM as MM leading to death within 24-36 months) are both associated with some molecular features and with a limited response to current treatments.
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References
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11. Ikeda D, Tearo T, Oura M, Uehara A, Tabata R, Narita K, Takeuchi M, Machida Y, Matsue K, et al. A prognostic model integrating circulating clonal plasma cells into R-ISS and PET-CT based tumor burden in transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma. Blood 2023; 142 (suppl.1): 1972.
12. Fernandez de Larrea C, Kyle R, Rosiñol L, et al: Primary plasma cell leukemia: Consensus definition by the International Myeloma Working Group according to peripheral blood plasma cell percentage. Blood Cancer J 11:192, 2021
13. Geng S, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang JJ, Wu F, Pang Y, Zhong Y, Wang J, Wang W, Lyu X, Huang Y, Jing H. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals chemokine self-feeding of myeloma cells promotes extramedullary metastasis. FEBS Lett. 2020 Feb;594(3):452-465. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.13623
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15. Bladé J, Beksoc M, Caers J, Jurcryszyn A, von Lilienfold-Toal M, Moreau P, Rasche L, Rosinol L, Umani SZ, Zamagni E, Richardson P. Extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma: a systematic literature review. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12: 45.
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Dec 31, 2024
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Leone, G. G. and Testa, U. (2024) “PLASMACELL NEOPLASMS WITH SPREADING IN THE BLOOD AND TISSUES: EXTRAMEDULLARY MYELOMA DISEASE A RARE AGGRESSIVE FORM OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA (First of two parts): Extra Medullary Myeloma”, Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 17(1), p. e2025005. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2025.005.
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Institute of Hematology, Catholic University,